Nama·bharat
A trusted guide to Hindu life, in plain words.

fasts and vrats

What is Ekadashi and why do people fast?

Ekadashi is the eleventh day of each lunar fortnight. Many Hindus fast or eat lightly on this day as a practice of devotion and self-discipline, often honoring Vishnu.

What Ekadashi is

Ekadashi means the eleventh day. It comes twice a month in the lunar calendar—once in the bright fortnight and once in the dark fortnight. The tradition holds that this day is especially suited to devotion and spiritual practice. Many people see it as a day when the mind can turn more easily toward prayer and inward reflection. Fasting on Ekadashi is one of the most widely kept vrats, or vows, in Hindu practice.

Why people fast

People fast on Ekadashi for several reasons. One is devotion—many see it as a way to honor Vishnu and deepen their connection to the divine. Another is self-discipline. By stepping back from food, a person practices control over habit and desire. The tradition also holds that fasting on this day brings spiritual benefit and purifies the mind and body. For some, it is a way to simplify life for a day and turn attention inward.

What people eat or avoid

There is no single rule for Ekadashi fasting. Customs vary widely by region, family, and sect. Some people eat nothing at all. Others eat only fruit, milk, yogurt, or nuts. Some take one meal of simple foods without grains. Many avoid onion, garlic, and salt. Some people eat only potatoes and milk products. The idea is often to eat lightly and avoid heavy or stimulating foods, not necessarily to eat nothing. What matters is the intention and the practice itself, not the exact rule.

Today

Ekadashi fasting is still widely kept, both in India and among Hindus living abroad. Some people fast strictly; others eat lightly. Some keep it every Ekadashi; others observe it on certain days or during certain seasons. Many families have their own customs passed down through generations. For some, it is a spiritual anchor; for others, a way to stay connected to tradition and to family practice. How and whether people observe it is a personal choice.

How we write. We describe what the tradition holds, drawing on its texts and customs in general terms. We do not give religious, medical, or dietary advice, and we note plainly where there is no scientific evidence. Reviewed for accuracy by our editorial team.